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Automotive International 2020 Elektronik 29 dancy in ADAS for automated and autonomous driving can only be achieved by combining LIDAR radar and cameras Key technology LIDAR In a number of future application scenarios LIDAR is also the undisputed key technology for detailed monitoring of surroundings Examples are highway pilot systems for autonomous driving on an expressway at high speeds and the requirement to detect and classify smaller objects This can only be reliably ensured by the LIDAR 3D point cloud But autonomous driving in a city center assisted by an urban pilot also demands the use of LIDAR due to the extremely complex and highly dynamic scenario with numerous different roadusers such as cars cyclists or pedestrians in the overall driving environment In addition to comprehensive detailed detection of all objects around a vehicle LIDAR is especially important for the correct measurement of distance LIDAR alone can operate in all environments with the necessary system reliability and detection rate for objects so this technology is also the basis for many future autonomous vehicles In addition to cars and robotaxis these include trucks and vehicles for construction and agriculture The future is solidstate LIDAR Until recently however there were some basic problems with LIDAR technology delaying its widespread use At the moment conventional LIDAR systems mainly use mechanically rotating components making them susceptible to vibration and shock or they have very limited resolution and range Also the more complex and larger a component is the more difficult it is to guard against dust or moisture ingression Achieving the wished robustness for use in the automobile industry despite a relatively vulnerable construction means that present LIDAR models must be quite large and solid The result is high unit costs and a large space requirement at the same time Since mechanical LIDAR variants either do not provide data of the driven environment in the required quality or are too large and expensive for the performance wanted they are not yet suitable for mass use in autonomous vehicles of the next generation despite all the advantages for future driving Newly developed solidstate LIDAR technology now appears as a remedy The new design does away with moving parts and thus avoids many of the drawbacks of mechanically rotating versions Offering the same performance as current highend mechanical variants solidstate LIDAR is very much more efficient There are fewer components so only a fraction of the space of current LIDAR models is required and it can be up to 80 percent more costattractive Despite a more compact design solidstate LIDAR has longer range and at 0 1°x0 1° typically delivers higher resolution than current mechanically rotating versions This means that small objects can now be detected over long distances SAE L3 Society of Automotive Engineers Level 3 is the next level of automated driving set to be realized in the coming years As a planning basis Harman has determined in this context that for the corresponding classic passenger cars with driver a single forwardfacing highresolution LIDAR with long range 50 to 200 m is sufficient Robotaxis on the other hand require substantially more recorded environmental data So in addition to one longrange LIDAR at the front and one at the rear they need two additional shortrange LIDAR systems less than 20 m on each side of the vehicle All futureproof LIDAR systems must achieve resolution of at least 0 1°x0 1° a field of view of approximately 115° horizontally and 25° vertically Plus a rate of 25 frames s while at the same time withstanding temperatures between 40 and +85°C Figure 3 InnovizOne a solidstate LIDAR solution already available photo Innoviz This high growth rate for LIDAR is based on expectations that manufacturers will increasingly equip their newly developed vehicles with enhanced ADAS functions to implement SAE L2+ This in conjunction with the sharp decline in manufacturing costs due to higher unit volumes will significantly boost growth in the forecast period 2018 to 2028