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Automotive 28 Elektronik International 2020 The right sensor topology for highly and fully autonomous vehicles is and will remain an exciting topic for discussion in the automobile industry Harman believes that LIDAR technology will play a central role in the automotive future LIDAR light detection and ranging uses light pulses from a laser source to scan the surroundings This lightbased sensor technology is crucial for solving current challenges in detecting the vehicle environment Figure 1 However LIDAR in its present form is too expensive for the mass market costing as much as several thousand euros for highresolution sensors And also remains technically very complex and errorprone The new solidstate LIDAR available from this year on will solve many of the ongothis opinion they are a minority in the industry Although both sensor systems are extremely important facets of autonomous driving they do have their shortcomings The momentary automotive radar systems only deliver their information to an autonomous driving system selectively and with a small detection range Afurther complication is that they can be disturbed by sensors of the same type and sometimes even erroneously detect phantom objects Best possible security only with LIDAR Cameras are dependent on light relations and illumination of the surroundings they capture In addition they are often not robust enough in difficult weather conditions such as rain fog or snow to deliver the detailed information required for automated driving constantly and without error Given these deficits focusing on the two technologies falls short Harman like most industry experts believes that due to the shortcomings of radar and cameras LIDAR is needed as a third sensor technology to ensure safe automated or autonomous driving in all environmental conditions The current generation of highresolution LIDAR sensors has high measurement resolution up to 0 1°x0 1° even at long distances and in 3D coverage Due to its detailed detection LIDAR provides a highly precise 3D image of the vehicle environment in the form of a 3D point cloud which can be comprehensively processed by advanced driver assistance systems ADAS Figure 2 LIDAR is also resistant to interference from sensors of the same type and as an active illumination method is entirely independent of daylight and ambient light levels Especially the long range of 150 m and more detailed resolution as well as immunity to interference are weighty advantages of LIDAR systems compared to cameras and radar Since none of the three types of sensor can cover all ambient conditions the necessary requirements for diversity and reduning problems of the technology What is decisive for possible volume application in automated and autonomous vehicles is that some technical challenges still have to be overcome in the control unit architecture of vehicles Radar and cameras are not enough Currently the automobile industry is still divided about the right way into the autonomous future of driving In particular the most suitable sensor configuration to ensure safety requirements for highly autonomous driving is a matter of discussion Some manufacturers assume that cameras and radar systems are sufficient to enable automated driving But with Figure 1 LIDAR sensor topology and examples of application photo Harman Figure 2 Point cloud display of real street view photo Innoviz